BY Yusriwal
 |
| Yusriwal |
The
term " poem " can be referred to some information . In Minangkabau
English - language Kamoes Melayoe Riau , published Batavia ( Jakarta ) in 1935
, may not find the word ' poem ' , but can be equated with " Nalam "
, namely poem : banalam - bernazam , bertjerita with lagoe teroetama about
religion or which contains pengadjaran . In the Dictionary of Indo ¬ nesia ,
published by Balai Pustaka , 1988, found the word " Nalam " and
" poem " . " Nalam " is a spin- rhyme ( poem , essay ) ;
bernalam , read poetry or storytelling with song ; rhyme ( poetry ) .
"
Poem " is derived from the poem consists of twelve Parsi array , rhythmic
two - two- or four - four , contents concerning slave castles dear . Indonesian
General Dictionary ( Poerwadarminta , 1984) says " Nalam " : spin
rhyme ( poem - essay ) ; " bernalam " : rhyme ( poetry ) ;
storytelling with song ; " menalamkan " : rime ; regaled with a song
; composed , " poem " : sb rhyme ( poem ) ; essay ; " menazamkan
" : rime ; fabricate ; composed ; Nalam . Later in the Dictionary of New
Edition Board , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia poem : ( Arabic ) kind of poetry
composition ( such as rhyme , poem ) ; " bernazam " : storytelling
with songs , rhymes , poetry ; " menazamkan " : telling the song ,
change , mengajakkan Nalam ; " banalam " : read poetry while
melodious .
Therefore
, scholars and researchers agree that there is no one to use the term : "
nadzam " ( Agus Deaman , 1984) , " Najam " ( Chest Meuraxa ,
1974) , " nazham " ( Hj. Wan Mohd . Sagheer Abdullah , 1993) , "
nizam " ( Knopf Emral in " Nizam Mancinto Did " , 1999) .
However , most , writers , prefer to use the term " poem " , for
example Labai Sidi Rajo ( 1899) , Tuan Haji Ahmad bin Haji Abdul Rauf and Tuan
Haji Othman Haji Omarbin prior year (1928 ) , Harun Mat Piah ; ( 1989) ,
Baharudin Ahmad ; ( 1992) , Umar Jonah ; (1997 ) , and others . Furthermore, in
the Glossary of Terms Literature , Language and Literature published by the
Council of Malaysia said :
Poem
: A kind of long poems that comprise each carbon double than two lines . Kaedah
used is to follow the style scales Arabic poetry . Every two lines rhyme it has
dıhujungnya . Generally , the form of this poem is not so popular among the
Malays , but leblh common among the scholars who created a poem to praise
melagukannya especially against the prophets .
In
the glossary , are also given some examples as follows :
Muhammad was raised to him
By order of monotheism God willing
In very general term shirkinya
With so much because jahilnya
Then he would menunjuklah us
With coaxing more tangible advice
Appoints also to war with sword
Then I saw a bright white religion
Hopefully he will reply
Well for the noble ....
In
Encyclopedia of History and Culture Malay , English and Library Board published
in 1998, meaning " poem " is expressly defined as the following quote
:
Poem
, a kind of poetry composition . Poem consists of two arrays serangkap than the
number of words in selarik four to six , the number of between eight to 14
syllables ; using rhyme scheme aa , ab , cb or rhyme ( monorhyme ) , with
slight variations and exceptions ( eg the number of words of more than . 10 ) .
Strand poem may be finished with one copy , but typically requires multiple
copies or a link to the fact a whole .
The
term ' poem ' is most likely derived from the Arabic , meaningful poetry as a
whole . In the tradition of the Malay poetry or Minangkabau in particular ,
found poem as wide apart is bound by the number of arrays in a single stanza ,
the number of words in the array and consistent use of rhyme .
Theme
poem limited , generally tells the life of Prophet Muhammad SAW , since birth ,
childhood , until receiving revelation . In addition, the poem is a principle
in worship exposure , for example, about the pillars of Islam , 20 properties ,
the properties of the Prophet , about prayer , fasting , charity , pilgrimage ,
and others .
In
terms of variety of literature , poem writing classified literature , because
it is a rewriting of the teachings of Islam . Minangkabau famous poem is poem
written by Sheikh Sunur Sunur the form of letters to children in Sunur ;
Pariaman . It also found poem The Twenty- Five Apostles , Prophets Shave poem .
These entries are written in the title ' poem ' but in the poem always said ,
because it always starts with the array "this poem ... " .
Poem
and the Islamic Development
Poem
is very closely linked to the Islamic -based literature . Development of the
poem can not be separated from the history and development of Islam . Sidi
peeling Gazalba that many relationship problems with Islamic art . In
kupasannya of art in the Abbasid period , he said that Islamic art developed in
the Abbasid period and increased growth in the future Ummaiyah . At that time
poetry has grown and opened themselves to the influence of Arabic literature
and prose previously grown in the Abbasid period , in the past he Ummaiyah
growing rapidly . In these developments , also found romance , novels , history
, and the poem . In Encyclopedia of History and Culture Malay further contained
information about the poem functions in the context of Islamic society , namely
:
In
terms of function, the poem is a kind of doxology ( dhikr ) is recited , namely
almost the same as berzanji and marhaban . Therefore the rhythm and rentaknya
so much , the lyrics can be sung poem in rhythm and different tramp . Poem set
in Trengganu is said never to sing 16 different rhythm . With such , it is very
appropriate in conveying formal religious instruction , according poem also
presented in council relating to religion ; example welcome Maulidur Rasul ,
khatam Qur'an , rose crib ( berendoi ) , and others .
In
addition to poetry and prose , on the other portion Gazalba said as written by
Aziz Deraman , that : drama does not get attention in the Abbasid Islamic art
in the future , because they require a female artist in the drama of staging
that allowed Islamic rule . Another reason according to Gazalba caused drama as
opposed to Arab tradition and not in accordance with the spirit of Islam . In
contrast , the Shiites deviate from the tradition of Islamic art . In fact,
they performed " War of Karbala ' as the drama on stage . On the other
hand , are also present including muzik by the Arabs themselves . Thus ,
attention to education muzik voiced at the end of the Abbasid period . Even
though there is also a dance danced by sesetengah bercanggah in the opinion of
scholars .
In
looking at the development of art in Islamic culture , Sidi Gazalba further
explained bahawa art still play a role in the lives of Is ¬ lam in history .
Reciprocation of life depends on the state of the art and cultural composition
. From the development of the poem is more focused on Islamic themes as
mentioned above , it appears Fansuri Hamzah influence on the writing of the
text poem Malay Archipelago . But on the contrary , Aziz Deraman found Arabic
poetry is encouraging the assimilation process . For example, the tradition of
Natural Malay dramas , has reached to the level of court tradition . It can be
seen since the Kingdom of Langkasuka and the Kingdom of Melaka which at that
time had accepted Islam . So , Aziz Deraman Tome Pires wrote about reports of
musicians, dancers , and performers in the performance arts as well as the
creation of the poem itself as follows :
Tome
Pires wrote in a note , " there is a great man bahawa Melaka which at that
time 6000 people have been trained servant for cultural performances " at
that time . " Great people Melaka not build a mosque dikawasannya sake
only , but build large houses outside the airport complete with flower gardens
and tree fruits . " They also have players muzik , dancers , and
performers who had comforted their experts and the pickup . An expert of Islam
in the archipelago namely Sheikh Abdul Rauf ( more popu ¬ lar dipanggilkan
Sheikh Kuala , Aceh ) . Besides that , he also sowed the seeds of art . and he
also teaches artists and writers in ways rapa'i game (a type of small
tambourine ) and Dabus , as well as creating nadzam ( poem ) and so on . "
Based
on the pedestal , we can say that this is the beginning of the poem as an oral
tradition of Islam benafaskan developed by Sheikh Abdul Rauf . Another poem
example , in terms of literary texts can be seen in part in the show include
indang , saman , whistle , ulu ambek , Rodat , and tambourine .
Poem
in Minangkabau
As
described at the beginning of this paper , that in Minangkabau poem ever
growing literature , literary berbetuk both written and oral literary form .
In
the form of literary writing ( usually role in Jawi script ) eg Sunur poem ,
verse twenty-five Prophet , and the Prophet Shave poem . In oral form found in
Payakumbuh called Nalam . In 1938 this Nalam penah recorded ( in the form of
vinyl records , brand Goose Cap ) in Medan Padang pendendang Jopang Miss
Rukiyah origin . At this time , Miss Rukiyah still alive and still to be
confirmed to him . Unfortunately , the recording documentation is not owned by
pendendang own . He used to have a copy of the three LPs but disappeared in the
days of PRRI . Perhaps , they are still able to man ¬ ditelulusri through RRI
RRI Bukittinggi and Medan were per ¬ nah poem art broadcast at that time .
During
the rather backward , in the late 60 's and early 70's there was a man named
Cakin been going around to several villages with mendendang poems that contain
advice . Cakin an eye defect , but he had many wives who keep changing , and
his wife always carries a stringed instrument ( kind of stringed instruments )
and they walk around the village in the area Payakumbuh to entertain the crowds
.
In
certain areas in Mi ¬ nangkabau people like this Cakin known as " Pakiah
Geleng " because he was blind and me ¬ they always sing with a certain
tramp shaking his head . Usually , the sing - Pakiah this Geleng in Nalam tramp
or poem using rhyme - rhyme that contains the elements of advice and Islam .
People like Cakin usually look for a wife who has a singing skills and
berpantun . In general , the songs are patterned rhyme mengelitik directly hit
the heart and soul of one's listeners , will be much more interesting and is
dedicated to taking care of people .
When
Cakin strumming his lute , his wife would sing the type of songs poem as much
as two or three verses of a song. Among these songs were chosen , may be
religious verses sentence , education , advice , terms of prayer , stories of
the prophets , and others . May also rhyme - rhyme of love and humor .
Appearance of this poem will be paid with an amount of 50 dollars ( when
compared to the present may be equal to 500 dollars ) , or may be paid with a
bushel or a quart of rice .
The
show can be performed on the home page or homepage , usually more done during
the day than in the evening . Evening offerings dila ¬ kukan if there certain
people who have a desire to comprehend specifically for example if there is a
celebration event or circumcision .
To
menbuktikan that poem as a variety of literature that has ever lived in
Minangkabau , Harun Mat Piah in Traditional Malay poetry book explains that the
poem as a literary form in the context of the literary culture of Minangkabau .
The full he argues :
In
Minangkabau kaba ... tradition is still continued and the poem and tale stories
have been given a new breath to the original turning to the performing arts in
dance and randai are becoming more popular. More than that shape sake only
randai not presented as drama performances , but also be extended in the form
of ribbons and tapes rakaman , sold and distributed inside and outside the
Minangkabau .
The nature and characteristics poem
When
traced poem existing text , will be found the characteristics associated with
the following :
1)
As a literary text that displays the
characteristics of the old Malay literature , written in the form of rhymes ,
couplets or poems in a number of two - two- or four - four on a particular text
;
2)
As Islamic learning in the
context of the tradition of the early development of Islam in the archipelago ;
3)
As a tell -related
information , law , judiciary , and strengthening customs ;
4)
Some other texts are the
advices , Islamic religious education , the story of the prophets , monotheism
, jurisprudence and a wonderful teaching character ;
5)
Other properties have good
and avoiding evil and / or take a few parables over natural phenomena ;
6)
Text in Malay and / there
are certain texts that incorporate elements of the term ba ¬ Arabic language ,
while some other text using the local dialect as ba ¬ Minangkabau language ,
and perhaps Malay language Aceh or other .
To
distinguish between the poem and the poem , well explained by Harun Mat Piah .
According to him , including the type of poem poetry Malay tradition . Although
the poem and the poem is said to come from the treasury of literary Arabic and
Persia , but does not show the whole equation with the genres of poetry Arabic
and Parsi . There is a difference between the rhyme , poem by poem that can be seen
from the number of lines , such as be ¬ rikut quote :
Malay
poetry ... take the base line of four words that are not sake only against the
rhymes and poems , but also to other forms . Indeed, there are circumstances or
aberrant exception rather than the base ; Her example there ¬ poem consisting
of more than four words ¬ , ...
Furthermore
, rhyme also plays an important role in determining whether a text 's literary
tradition shaped rhymes , poems or poem . Aaron mem ¬ distinguish very clearly
between the three poems . According accept an element of immense use and
importance in traditional Malay poetry , not only in genres that are bound like
rhymes, poems and poem . The most common use of rhyme is da ¬ lam poem , poem ,
poem , and the friends one , you indulge rhyme is a reference that define the
genre of poetry . However, unlike rhyme rhyme rhyme poetry and poem : the poem
is abab rhyme , rhyme poem dalah aaa - a, and the poem has a rhyme different
from both the AAAB or aa , bb .
AAAB
rhyme poem can be seen in " Poetry Sufi poem " translated by Wan Mohd
. Sagheer Abdullah , as follows :
Many tears flowed over the cheeks
Regretfully fear terkapung fire
Syaan the wara ' Saheeh taqi shufi
Although he was -gre ' Arifin .
Even kosher diupat - upat would you
And sometimes so shall ye ceraca
If you are very real wicked
So on average not most Mu'mineen .
Take in Makkah brought to Jawi ,
thought the
Yaqui crafted diamonds
Suddenly the truth Iiabut liarang
Which will mengkotor thahirin
everything .
Rima
end of the first three verses of the same at the end of the fourth stanza ,
while different from the previous rhyme . And it looks a whole poem in the
manuscript text Nazham Shufi it . From the above facts also seen that word used
on the last word on the last verse always comes from the Arabic .
The
text above shows one else in the writing style poem that uses rhyme and words
are typical , that is , as the word ' intelligent person ' , ' Mu'mineen ' or '
thahirin ' . The word as it proved in many instances - lettered poem cbntoh
Jawi script encountered , although not always in the array into two or four
arrays .
Furthermore
, in view of Umar Ju ¬ nus poem deals with the issue and not the poem , he
describes the study of Minangkabau Law ( written in the early 19th century
Gurah Hall Bukittinggi , a collection of the State Library of Malaysia , Kuala
Lumpur , with a number kodeMSS.1589 ) , chapters Six and Seven , namely text B
and C. Umar Jonah classify as " Two texts poem " . Both the text
referred to Jonah as the poem text and not the poem text . It said two text
poem , the poem text C and non- poem . Examples of poem text in the text are :
Understandably
saqhir humble servant , law menazamkan so real , easy mengliafaz . so flat , entered
into a dado liati .... Law - time host qadi manang fall , silangpun was
discharged khasumat taduh , goods receiving manang really , want to put the
victory letter . This poem never mind finished , the correspondence aqalnya
short , Siti Zahuri home where correspondence .
The
following quote can give another characteristic , namely the strong influence
of Islam in the na ¬ zam , as follows :
One
more poem added , to be used as the argument of God , this is too good teachers
, the goods should consider faidah . Look ye wooden sieve , sinews many
jalinnya long , all the earth berpagang place , to ampla qiamat gone backward
.... This is the argument of dipagang want , as long as life should not be lost
, God hath mudah2an manang , this is the perfect mirror bright . This poem
after all the easy stuff after lakat , goods ang see manfa'at take , take
teachers make the drug .
One
more obvious difference between the lyric poem is described Umar as Jonah is
more poem is " teaching nexus of love " while poetry is an art that
is not fair opened with " basmalah " . *
Source:
Tabloid Bonsu , Sunday II/9-15 May 2001 and Tabloid Bonsu , Sunday IV/22-29 May
2001
No comments:
Post a Comment